Hunger in Gaza reaches ‘tipping point’ under Israel’s offensive as children face lifelong impacts of malnutrition

The hunger crisis in Gaza under Israel’s assault has reached a “tipping point,” experts and advocates tell NBC News, with deaths expected to soar if Palestinians do not get urgent relief.

And many children who do survive malnutrition will face lifelong consequences, they warn.

The “window to prevent mass death is rapidly closing, and for many it’s already too late,” said Kiryn Lanning, senior director of emergencies of the International Rescue Committee (IRC), a U.S.-based humanitarian organization. The World Health Organization warned that the “health and well-being of an entire future generation” was at stake.

Doctors and aid workers inside Gaza, themselves overworked and underfed, have been warning for months about the critical lack of food and the spiraling cost of the little that was available due to Israel’s offensive and crippling aid restrictions. They say that their worst fears are coming to pass.

“We are now facing a massive health disaster,” Dr. Ahed Jabr Khalaf, a pediatrician and intensive care specialist at Nasser Hospital in Khan Younis, told NBC News’ crew on the ground. He said Wednesday that several more children had died from malnutrition that day alone.

The warnings came as the world’s leading body on hunger, the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, or IPC, sounded the alarm that the “worst-case scenario of famine” was now unfolding in the Palestinian enclave under Israel’s deadly military offensive and crippling aid restrictions.

International outrage has grown as scenes show starvation spreading through the enclave, with dozens dying from malnutrition in recent weeks and people collapsing in the dirt. In the face of this mounting pressure the Israeli military began limited pauses in fighting to allow more supplies in — but aid officials have warned this is still far from enough.

It feels like the crisis may have already reached a “tipping point,” said Jeremy Konyndyk, president of Refugees International.

“Day after day, there are reports of multiple deaths from starvation,” said Konyndyk, an official with the U.S. Agency for International Development during the Obama and Biden administrations. “That is new, and that suggests that the population has now reached a point of vulnerability and deprivation,” he said in a phone interview Monday before the IPC’s report was released.

“And when you start to see that in small numbers, that tells you that bigger numbers are coming.”

“We’ve seen this in previous famine conditions, where once the numbers, the mortality numbers, start to rise, we have to act quickly and urgently to stem the tide of deaths due to starvation,” said Jeanette Bailey, the IRC’s Global Practice Lead and Director of Research for Nutrition. “If we don’t act now, we will see these numbers increasing exponentially, very quickly.”

The Palestinian health ministry in Gaza said Wednesday that 154 people had died from starvation since the war began, including 89 children. In a sign of how the situation has shifted, it is only in the past few weeks that the ministry has released daily updates of that tally.

“We know from pretty much every past famine, that the data always takes time to catch up to the reality on the ground,” Konyndyk said, noting the particular difficulties in accessing data given Israeli restrictions on access to Gaza.

“The situation has reached a critical inflection point,” agreed Emily Keats, an assistant scientist in international health at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore. She said that it would only “continue to worsen unless the population is able to safely access food and adequate health services.”

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office said Tuesday following the IPC’s alert that the situation in Gaza was “difficult” but claimed Hamas had benefited from “attempting to fuel the perception of a humanitarian crisis.”

Regardless, several health experts and advocates said children growing up in Gaza now would suffer from the health impacts of the hunger crisis for years to come.

“Their little bodies are shutting down,” Lanning said.

There had been a “spike in the number of children and infants who are being admitted to the hospital for malnutrition,” she said.

“What we can visibly see in Gaza is child wasting — this is a situation of acute malnutrition that occurs when food is not available, and diseases are rampant,” said Keats, whose research focuses on maternal and child undernutrition in humanitarian and development settings.

“It’s absolutely critical that this famine is addressed now to reduce deaths from wasting,” Keats said in an email. Still, she said, “It is likely that some of the long-term consequences are here to stay.”

“Realistically, children are likely to also be stunted and have micronutrient deficiencies, and many probably have all 3 conditions,” said Keats, who studies malnutrition, adding that this would further increase their “risk of adverse outcomes.”

Wasting — low weight for your height — and stunting — low height for your age — are forms of undernutrition. Malnutrition also covers a range of excesses and imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and nutrients, the WHO says on its website.

Beckie Ryan, response director in Gaza for CARE, a humanitarian agency working to address global hunger, warned of the long-term impacts on children, especially those under 5. For many, she said, “there is no way that they can recover from this.”

Malnutrition in young children can have devastating effects on brain health and a child’s ability to learn, the World Food Program warns on its website.

The first 1,000 days of life up to the age of 2 is considered a time of “unparalleled growth and development,” it says.

“That’s a particularly sensitive period where the long-term risks are also highest,” Dr. Marko Kerac, a clinical associate professor at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine who studies malnutrition, said in a phone interview.

Kerac emphasized that while a lack of adequate nutrition can be particularly harmful for children under 5, older children, adolescents and even adults can still face long-term impacts from malnutrition — and that there are “lots of factors that affect that long-term risk,” including how swiftly patients can be treated.

Keats added that the impacts can be felt far into the future, with women who experienced wasting in childhood “more likely to give birth to low birthweight or growth-restricted infants” who are then at greater risk of poor health and mortality.

The priority, experts and officials agree, has to be an urgent intervention of adequate care and aid for Palestinians in Gaza.

But even then, Keats said, the reality of the hunger crisis “will be felt for generations.”

CORRECTION (July 31, 2025, 12:08 p.m. ET): A previous version of this article incorrectly identified where the International Rescue Committee is based. It is the U.S., not the U.K.